Persentase kasus yang dilaporkan HIV baru di kalangan perempuan di
Brunei Darussalam meningkat dari 15 persen menjadi 37,5 persen antara
2008-2009 dan 2010-2011.
The percentage of new reported cases of HIV among women
in Brunei Darussalam increased from 15 per cent to 37.5 per cent between
2008-2009 and 2010-2011
THE percentage of new reported cases of HIV among women
in Brunei Darussalam increased from 15 per cent to 37.5 per cent between
2008-2009 and 2010-2011.
More than one-third of newly reported HIV cases involve women and girls, according to The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, in its country brief report on affected women and girls in Brunei.
The majority of cases were due to unsafe heterosexual intercourse with infected partners.
Meanwhile, among the new HIV cases reported between 2010 and 2011, 40 per cent were married at the time of diagnosis. It was also noted that in 2011 Brunei recorded the first and only case of mother-to-child transmission since 1995.
According to the report, those affected included women and girls living with HIV, female intimate partners of men with high-risk behaviour and female migrant workers who may be vulnerable to HIV due to conditions by which they migrate.
With the rising number of HIV cases in the country, relevant authorities have striven to improve public access to health services, especially those involved in risky behaviour to get tested for HIV.
In terms of access to health services, the government provides free and comprehensive health care to all citizens and permanent residents of Brunei. This includes all aspects of prevention, care, treatment and support for HIV, although there is no separate budget specifically allocated for HIV/AIDS.
First-line antiretrovirals are readily provided to citizens and permanent residents. Although available, second- and third-line have to be applied for on an individual basis. According to the report, 17 adults and children with advanced HIV infection received antiretroviral therapy in 2010.
To minimise mother-to-child transmission, Brunei has compulsory antenatal screening for HIV for pregnant women. Dried Blood Spot technology is also available to detect viral genetic material during pregnancy, according to the report.
On the other hand, access to health for Brunei’s migrants and overseas workers is dependent on their work contract and permit.
Under the Infectious Disease Order 2003, it is compulsory for all clinicians to report positive cases to the Department of Health Services. The Infectious Disease Order 2003 also specifically protects the confidentiality of all persons who are diagnosed. The order also criminalises HIV transmission and exposure by HIV positive people.
UN Women’s country report on Brunei on HIV and key affected women and girls was developed by the Asia-Pacific Interagency Task Team on Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV. The collected data is used to improve understanding of women and girls most at risk of, and most affected by, HIV in the region.
In an interview with The Brunei Times, Iswandy Ahmad, the president of the Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council said it was important to empower women and girls with sexual reproductive knowledge.
“Biologically and culturally, women are more susceptible to HIV infection from men or their spouse who are infected with HIV. As HIV is transmitted from unsafe sexual relations, sharing infected syringes ... it is of vital for girls and women have access to correct information, accessible health services and are self-empowered.”
Iswandy added that men should also play their part in behaving responsibly to avoid infecting their female partners. He said that with more young women and girls attending full-time education to the highest level and building careers, (life-skills) education and policies should address the gender-specific needs of women, for example reproductive health.
“I call on all women to empower themselves with the correct knowledge and to behave responsibly – including men too. Authorities must have supporting policies on active involvement for women and young girls on issues as well as programmes on HIV and AIDS and reproductive health that affect them,” he said.
Iswandy added that the Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council would be releasing the results of a preliminary survey on the public’s general knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS in Brunei Darussalam today. At the moment, there is virtually no data available on HIV knowledge and the vulnerability of the population in Brunei Darussalam, according to the report released by UN Women. There is a complete lack of data on risk behaviours among key population as well as among the general population, it added.
The recent survey by the council will help to formulate better strategies for effective HIV prevention . There are also plans by relevant authorities to initiate behavioural surveillance among youth and at schools over the next few years.
persentase kasus yang dilaporkan HIV baru di kalangan perempuan di
Brunei Darussalam meningkat dari 15 persen menjadi 37,5 persen antara
2008-2009 dan 2010-2011.Lebih dari sepertiga kasus HIV baru dilaporkan melibatkan perempuan
dan anak perempuan , menurut PBB untuk Kesetaraan Gender dan
Pemberdayaan Perempuan , juga dikenal sebagai UN Women , dalam laporan
singkat negara terhadap perempuan dan anak perempuan yang terkena dampak
di Brunei .Sebagian besar kasus disebabkan oleh hubungan heteroseksual yang tidak aman dengan mitra yang terinfeksi .Sementara itu, di antara kasus HIV baru yang dilaporkan antara 2010 dan 2011 , 40 persen menikah pada saat diagnosis . Ia juga mencatat bahwa pada tahun 2011 Brunei tercatat pertama dan hanya kasus penularan dari ibu - ke - anak sejak tahun 1995 .Menurut laporan itu , mereka yang terkena dampak termasuk perempuan
dan anak perempuan yang hidup dengan HIV , mitra intim wanita dari pria
dengan perilaku berisiko tinggi dan pekerja migran perempuan yang
mungkin rentan terhadap HIV karena kondisi di mana mereka bermigrasi .Dengan meningkatnya jumlah kasus HIV di negara ini , pihak yang
berwenang telah berupaya untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap
pelayanan kesehatan , terutama mereka yang terlibat dalam perilaku
berisiko untuk mendapatkan diuji untuk HIV .Dalam
hal akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan , pemerintah memberikan
pelayanan kesehatan gratis dan komprehensif untuk semua warga negara dan
penduduk tetap Brunei . Ini mencakup semua aspek pencegahan, perawatan , pengobatan dan
dukungan untuk HIV , meskipun tidak ada anggaran yang terpisah khusus
dialokasikan untuk HIV / AIDS .ARV lini pertama dapat segera diberikan kepada warga negara dan penduduk tetap . Meskipun tersedia , kedua dan ketiga -line harus diterapkan untuk secara individual . Menurut laporan itu , 17 orang dewasa dan anak-anak dengan infeksi HIV lanjut menerima ART pada tahun 2010 .Untuk meminimalkan penularan dari ibu - ke - anak , Brunei memiliki skrining antenatal wajib HIV bagi wanita hamil . Kering teknologi Spot Darah juga tersedia untuk mendeteksi materi genetik virus selama kehamilan , menurut laporan tersebut .Di sisi lain , akses kesehatan bagi migran Brunei dan pekerja di luar negeri tergantung pada kontrak kerja mereka dan izin .Di
bawah "the Infectious Disease Order" 2003, adalah wajib untuk semua dokter
untuk melaporkan kasus positif kepada Departemen Pelayanan Kesehatan . Penyakit Infeksi Orde 2003 juga secara khusus melindungi kerahasiaan dari semua orang yang didiagnosis . Perintah itu juga mengkriminalisasi penularan HIV dan eksposur dengan orang HIV positif .Lembaga Perempuan
PBB melaporkan di Brunei pada HIV dan perempuan yang terkena dampak utama dan gadis di Asia - Pasifik Antar "Task Team on Women , Girls", Kesetaraan Gender dan HIV . Data yang terkumpul digunakan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang
perempuan dan anak perempuan yang paling berisiko , dan yang paling
terpengaruh oleh , HIV di wilayah tersebut .Dalam sebuah wawancara dengan The Brunei Times, Iswandy Ahmad ,
presiden Dewan AIDS Darussalam Brunei mengatakan bahwa penting untuk
memberdayakan perempuan dan anak perempuan dengan pengetahuan reproduksi
seksual ."
Secara biologis dan budaya , wanita lebih rentan terhadap infeksi HIV
dari laki-laki atau pasangan mereka yang terinfeksi HIV . Seperti HIV ditularkan dari hubungan seksual yang tidak aman , berbagi
jarum suntik yang terinfeksi ... itu adalah penting bagi anak perempuan
dan perempuan memiliki akses untuk memperbaiki informasi , layanan
kesehatan yang mudah diakses dan self- diberdayakan . "Iswandy
menambahkan bahwa laki-laki juga harus memainkan peran mereka dalam
berperilaku secara bertanggung jawab untuk menghindari menginfeksi
pasangan perempuan mereka . Dia mengatakan bahwa dengan perempuan muda dan anak perempuan lebih
mengikuti pendidikan penuh waktu ke tingkat tertinggi dan membangun
karir , ( keterampilan hidup ) dan kebijakan pendidikan harus memenuhi
kebutuhan spesifik gender perempuan , misalnya kesehatan reproduksi ."
Saya meminta semua perempuan untuk memberdayakan diri dengan
pengetahuan yang benar dan untuk berperilaku secara bertanggung jawab -
termasuk laki-laki juga. Pihak berwenang harus memiliki kebijakan keterlibatan aktif bagi
perempuan dan gadis-gadis muda tentang isu-isu serta program HIV dan
AIDS dan kesehatan reproduksi yang mempengaruhi mereka mendukung , "
katanya .Iswandy
menambahkan bahwa Darussalam AIDS Council Brunei akan merilis hasil
survei awal pada pengetahuan umum masyarakat dan kesadaran HIV / AIDS di
Brunei Darussalam saat ini . Saat
ini , ada hampir tidak ada data yang tersedia pada pengetahuan HIV dan
kerentanan penduduk di Brunei Darussalam , menurut laporan yang dirilis
oleh Wanita PBB . Ada kurangnya data lengkap tentang perilaku berisiko di kalangan populasi kunci serta di antara populasi umum , tambahnya .Baru-baru
ini survei yang dilakukan oleh dewan akan membantu untuk merumuskan
strategi yang lebih baik untuk pencegahan HIV yang efektif . Ada
juga rencana oleh otoritas yang relevan untuk memulai surveilans
perilaku di kalangan pemuda dan di sekolah-sekolah selama beberapa tahun
ke depan .
More than one-third of newly reported HIV cases involve women and girls, according to The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, in its country brief report on affected women and girls in Brunei.
The majority of cases were due to unsafe heterosexual intercourse with infected partners.
Meanwhile, among the new HIV cases reported between 2010 and 2011, 40 per cent were married at the time of diagnosis. It was also noted that in 2011 Brunei recorded the first and only case of mother-to-child transmission since 1995.
According to the report, those affected included women and girls living with HIV, female intimate partners of men with high-risk behaviour and female migrant workers who may be vulnerable to HIV due to conditions by which they migrate.
With the rising number of HIV cases in the country, relevant authorities have striven to improve public access to health services, especially those involved in risky behaviour to get tested for HIV.
In terms of access to health services, the government provides free and comprehensive health care to all citizens and permanent residents of Brunei. This includes all aspects of prevention, care, treatment and support for HIV, although there is no separate budget specifically allocated for HIV/AIDS.
First-line antiretrovirals are readily provided to citizens and permanent residents. Although available, second- and third-line have to be applied for on an individual basis. According to the report, 17 adults and children with advanced HIV infection received antiretroviral therapy in 2010.
To minimise mother-to-child transmission, Brunei has compulsory antenatal screening for HIV for pregnant women. Dried Blood Spot technology is also available to detect viral genetic material during pregnancy, according to the report.
On the other hand, access to health for Brunei’s migrants and overseas workers is dependent on their work contract and permit.
Under the Infectious Disease Order 2003, it is compulsory for all clinicians to report positive cases to the Department of Health Services. The Infectious Disease Order 2003 also specifically protects the confidentiality of all persons who are diagnosed. The order also criminalises HIV transmission and exposure by HIV positive people.
UN Women’s country report on Brunei on HIV and key affected women and girls was developed by the Asia-Pacific Interagency Task Team on Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV. The collected data is used to improve understanding of women and girls most at risk of, and most affected by, HIV in the region.
In an interview with The Brunei Times, Iswandy Ahmad, the president of the Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council said it was important to empower women and girls with sexual reproductive knowledge.
“Biologically and culturally, women are more susceptible to HIV infection from men or their spouse who are infected with HIV. As HIV is transmitted from unsafe sexual relations, sharing infected syringes ... it is of vital for girls and women have access to correct information, accessible health services and are self-empowered.”
Iswandy added that men should also play their part in behaving responsibly to avoid infecting their female partners. He said that with more young women and girls attending full-time education to the highest level and building careers, (life-skills) education and policies should address the gender-specific needs of women, for example reproductive health.
“I call on all women to empower themselves with the correct knowledge and to behave responsibly – including men too. Authorities must have supporting policies on active involvement for women and young girls on issues as well as programmes on HIV and AIDS and reproductive health that affect them,” he said.
Iswandy added that the Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council would be releasing the results of a preliminary survey on the public’s general knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS in Brunei Darussalam today. At the moment, there is virtually no data available on HIV knowledge and the vulnerability of the population in Brunei Darussalam, according to the report released by UN Women. There is a complete lack of data on risk behaviours among key population as well as among the general population, it added.
The recent survey by the council will help to formulate better strategies for effective HIV prevention . There are also plans by relevant authorities to initiate behavioural surveillance among youth and at schools over the next few years.
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